{"id":5819,"date":"2023-09-28T07:23:49","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T07:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maryatech.com\/?p=5819"},"modified":"2023-09-28T14:14:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T14:14:55","slug":"pamatzinasanas-par-farmacijas-iekartam-un-farmaceitisko-iekartu-projektesanu-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maryatech.com\/lv\/basic-knowledge-of-pharmaceutical-equipment-and-pharmaceutical-plant-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Pamatzin\u0101\u0161anas par farm\u0101cijas iek\u0101rt\u0101m un farmaceitisko iek\u0101rtu projekt\u0113\u0161anu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1.Projekt\u0113\u0161anas pras\u012bbas farm\u0101cijas iek\u0101rtu funkcionalit\u0101tei\uff1a<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas funkcija;
(2) Att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas funkcija;
(3) Tie\u0161saistes uzraudz\u012bbas un kontroles funkcija;
(4) Dro\u0161\u012bbas aizsardz\u012bbas funkcija;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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2.GMP farm\u0101cijas iek\u0101rt\u0101m ir \u0161\u0101das pras\u012bbas:\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Tai j\u0101b\u016bt ra\u017eo\u0161anai piem\u0113rotai apr\u012bkojuma jaudai un visekonomisk\u0101kajai, sapr\u0101t\u012bgai un dro\u0161ai ra\u017eo\u0161anas oper\u0101cijai;
(2) Tam j\u0101b\u016bt ar perfektu funkcionalit\u0101ti un daudzk\u0101rt\u0113ju piel\u0101gojam\u012bbu, lai atbilstu farmaceitisko procesu pras\u012bb\u0101m;
(3) Tas var nodro\u0161in\u0101t z\u0101\u013cu apstr\u0101des kvalit\u0101tes konsekvenci;
(4) Viegli ekspluat\u0113jams un kopjams;
(5) Iek\u0101rtas iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s un \u0101r\u0113j\u0101s da\u013cas ir viegli t\u012br\u0101mas;
(6) Tam j\u0101b\u016bt da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m saskarn\u0113m, lai atbilstu koordin\u0101cijas, saska\u0146o\u0161anas un kombin\u0113\u0161anas pras\u012bb\u0101m;
(7) Viegli uzst\u0101d\u0101ms un viegli p\u0101rvietojams, kas nodro\u0161ina kombin\u0113\u0161anas iesp\u0113ju;
(8) Iek\u0101rtu verifik\u0101cija (ieskaitot tipu, strukt\u016bru, veiktsp\u0113ju utt.);<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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3.Granul\u0113\u0161anas metodes, ko pla\u0161i izmanto farmaceitiskaj\u0101 ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101, var klasific\u0113t k\u0101:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0mitr\u0101 granul\u0113\u0161ana, saus\u0101 granul\u0113\u0161ana un izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anas granul\u0113\u0161ana. Augstas efektivit\u0101tes sajauk\u0161anas granulators ir ier\u012bce, kas mitrus materi\u0101lus p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 granul\u0101s, sajaucot ar mais\u012bt\u0101jiem un sagrie\u017eot ar \u0101trgaitas granulatoriem. Funkcija: sajauk\u0161ana un granul\u0113\u0161ana;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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4.Reaktors ar mais\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bci :<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Reaktors ar mais\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bci ir s\u0113rijveida reaktors, ko pla\u0161i izmanto farm\u0101cijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101. Past\u0101v tr\u012bs mais\u012bt\u0101ju pl\u016bsmas veidi: radi\u0101l\u0101 pl\u016bsma, aksi\u0101l\u0101 pl\u016bsma un tangenci\u0101l\u0101 pl\u016bsma;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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5.Da\u017ei tipiski mais\u012bt\u0101ji:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) L\u0101psti\u0146u mais\u012bt\u0101js: L\u0101psti\u0146u mais\u012bt\u0101jiem ir liels radi\u0101lais mais\u012b\u0161anas diapazons, un tos var izmantot augstas viskozit\u0101tes \u0161\u0137idrumu sajauk\u0161anai;
(2) Vid\u0113jas un augstas viskozit\u0101tes \u0161\u0137idrumu sajauk\u0161anai parasti izmanto enkuru un r\u0101mju mais\u012bt\u0101jus;
(3) Spir\u0101lveida lentveida mais\u012bt\u0101js: m\u0113r\u0137is: \u0161\u0137idrums pacelsies vai nokrit\u012bs gar heliko\u012bdu, lai uzlabotu aksi\u0101lo mais\u012b\u0161anas efektu, veidojot aksi\u0101lu cirkul\u0101cijas pl\u016bsmu; spir\u0101lveida lentveida mais\u012bt\u0101ju bie\u017ei izmanto augstas viskozit\u0101tes \u0161\u0137idrumu sajauk\u0161anai;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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6.Ferment\u0101cijas iek\u0101rtu un reaktora struktur\u0101l\u0101s at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ferment\u0101cijas iek\u0101rt\u0101s ir atputek\u013co\u0161anas l\u0101psti\u0146as un ventil\u0101cijas caurule; Ferment\u0101cijas tvertn\u0113s pla\u0161i izmanto disku turb\u012bnu mais\u012bt\u0101jus;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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7.Cyclone separators:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ciklona separators ir sausa g\u0101zu un cietu vielu atdal\u012b\u0161anas iek\u0101rta, kas atdala putek\u013cus no gaisa pl\u016bsmas, izmantojot centrb\u0113dzes sp\u0113ku, ko rada liel\u0101 \u0101trum\u0101 rot\u0113jo\u0161a g\u0101zveida neviendab\u012bga f\u0101ze. Tam ir vienk\u0101r\u0161a strukt\u016bra un liela darb\u012bbas elast\u012bba. Lai aiztur\u0113tu putek\u013cus virs 5 ~ 10 \u03bcm, efektivit\u0101te ir augsta, bet smalko putek\u013cu atdal\u012b\u0161anai efektivit\u0101te ir zem\u0101ka. Maisa filtrs ir atdal\u012b\u0161anas iek\u0101rta, kur\u0101 izmanto filtr\u0113jo\u0161u materi\u0101lu, lai atdal\u012btu ciet\u0101s da\u013ci\u0146as no putek\u013cain\u0101m g\u0101z\u0113m. Smalko da\u013ci\u0146u atdal\u012b\u0161anas efektivit\u0101te 1~5 \u03bcm ir liel\u0101ka nek\u0101 99%, un var atdal\u012bt 1 mikrona vai pat 0,1 mikrona putek\u013cu da\u013ci\u0146as, bet filtr\u0113\u0161anas efektivit\u0101te ir zema;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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8. izskalo\u0161anas iek\u0101rtu veidi atkar\u012bb\u0101 no izskalo\u0161anas metodes:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dekokt\u0101cijas iek\u0101rtas; pies\u016bcin\u0101\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas; pies\u016bcin\u0101\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas; p\u0101rkaus\u0113\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas\uff1b<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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9.Ultraska\u0146as ekstrakcijas princips <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ultraska\u0146as ekstrakcijas princips ir izmantot ultraska\u0146as vi\u013c\u0146u kavit\u0101cijas efektu, meh\u0101nisko efektu un termisko efektu;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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10.Membr\u0101nu atdal\u012b\u0161anas princips:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Membr\u0101na ir molekul\u0101r\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a atdal\u012b\u0161anas un filtr\u0113\u0161anas vide, kad \u0161\u0137\u012bdums vai jaukta g\u0101ze saskaras ar membr\u0101nu, spiediena, elektrisk\u0101 lauka vai temperat\u016bras starp\u012bbas ietekm\u0113 da\u017eas vielas var iziet cauri membr\u0101nai, bet citas vielas tiek selekt\u012bvi p\u0101rtvertas, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek atdal\u012btas da\u017e\u0101das sast\u0101vda\u013cas \u0161\u0137\u012bdum\u0101 vai da\u017e\u0101das jauktas g\u0101zes sast\u0101vda\u013cas, \u0161\u012b atdal\u012b\u0161ana ir molekul\u0101r\u0101 l\u012bme\u0146a atdal\u012b\u0161ana;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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11.Past\u0101v daudz membr\u0101nu veidu, ko var iedal\u012bt div\u0101s kategorij\u0101s:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Organisk\u0101s membr\u0101nas ar augstu polim\u0113ru saturu un neorganisk\u0101s membr\u0101nas. Pa\u0161laik vispla\u0161\u0101k izmantotais materi\u0101ls farm\u0101cijas r\u016bpniec\u012bbas ra\u017eo\u0161an\u0101 ir polisulfonu (PS) materi\u0101li, kas veido aptuveni 32%; celulozes materi\u0101li, celulozes acet\u0101ts (CA) un celulozes triacet\u0101ts (CTA) veido attiec\u012bgi 13% un 7%; polipropil\u0113ns (PAN) veido 6%; neorganisk\u0101s membr\u0101nas veido 22%; citi membr\u0101nu materi\u0101li veido aptuveni 20%;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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12.Cauru\u013cveida pl\u0101n\u0101s pl\u0113ves iztvaic\u0113t\u0101ja klasifik\u0101cija:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js ar k\u0101pjo\u0161u pl\u0113vi, iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js ar kr\u012bto\u0161u pl\u0113vi un iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js ar k\u0101pjo\u0161u pl\u0113vi. Uzk\u0101pjo\u0161\u0101s pl\u0113ves iztvaic\u0113\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka iztvaic\u0113t\u0101j\u0101 veidojas \u0161\u0137idra pl\u0113ve taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 virzien\u0101, k\u0101 iztvaic\u0113jam\u0101s sekund\u0101r\u0101s tvaika g\u0101zes pl\u016bsma, kas pace\u013cas no apak\u0161as uz aug\u0161u. T\u0101 sast\u0101v no \u010detr\u0101m da\u013c\u0101m: iztvaiko\u0161anas sild\u012b\u0161anas caurules, sekund\u0101r\u0101 tvaika putu katetra, separatora un cirkul\u0101cijas caurules;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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13.Tubul\u0101rais pl\u0101ns pl\u0113ves iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0160\u0137idrums iztvaiko gar sild\u012b\u0161anas caurules sieni\u0146u pl\u0113v\u0113; Iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js ar skr\u0101pi: Centrb\u0113dzes pl\u0101ns pl\u0113ves iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js: iztvaic\u0113\u0161anas ier\u012bce, kas veido \u0161\u0137idruma pl\u0113vi, izmantojot rot\u0113jo\u0161u skr\u0101pi: Iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js: Iztvaic\u0113t\u0101js ar centrb\u0113dzes sp\u0113ku, ko rada rot\u0113jo\u0161s centrb\u0113dzes disks uz \u0161\u0137\u012bduma perif\u0113rijas;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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14.Molekul\u0101r\u0101s destil\u0101cijas princips:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Molekul\u0101r\u0101 destil\u0101cija ir strauja \u0161\u0137idruma atdal\u012b\u0161ana temperat\u016br\u0101, kas ir krietni zem\u0101ka par t\u0101 vir\u0161anas temperat\u016bru, \u013coti augst\u0101 vakuum\u0101, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no mais\u012bjuma molekulu kust\u012bbas vid\u0113j\u0101 br\u012bv\u0101 ce\u013ca starp\u012bbas;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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15.Molekul\u0101r\u0101s kust\u012bbas br\u012bvais ce\u013c\u0161:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Molekul\u0101r\u0101s kust\u012bbas br\u012bvais ce\u013c\u0161 ir att\u0101lums, ko molekula veic starp div\u0101m sadursm\u0113m blakus citai molekulai. Molekul\u0101r\u0101s kust\u012bbas br\u012bvais ce\u013c\u0161 attiecas uz vid\u0113jo br\u012bvo ce\u013cu laika interv\u0101l\u0101;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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16.\u017d\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas iek\u0101rtas:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Papl\u0101tes \u017e\u0101v\u0113t\u0101js, jostu \u017e\u0101v\u0113t\u0101js, verdo\u0161\u0101 sl\u0101\u0146a \u017e\u0101v\u0113t\u0101js, izsmidzin\u0101\u0161anas \u017e\u0101v\u0113t\u0101js, vakuuma eksikators, vakuuma sald\u0113\u0161anas \u017e\u0101v\u0113t\u0101js, mikrovi\u013c\u0146u vakuuma eksikators;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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17.Apstr\u0101des \u016bdens<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tehnolo\u0123iskais \u016bdens ir \u016bdens, ko izmanto farmaceitisk\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas proces\u0101, tostarp dzeramais \u016bdens, att\u012br\u012bts \u016bdens un \u016bdens, kas tiek izmantots farmaceitisk\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas proces\u0101;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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18.Steriliz\u0101cija:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fizik\u0101l\u0101 steriliz\u0101cija, \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101 steriliz\u0101cija, aseptiska darb\u012bba. Fizik\u0101l\u0101 steriliz\u0101cija: steriliz\u0101cija ar sausu siltumu, steriliz\u0101cija ar mitru siltumu, steriliz\u0101cija ar radic\u012bdu, steriliz\u0101cija ar filtr\u0101ciju. Fizisko steriliz\u0101ciju pla\u0161i izmanto farm\u0101cijas r\u016bpniec\u012bb\u0101;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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19.Saus\u0101s karstuma steriliz\u0101cijas princips: Termisk\u0101s steriliz\u0101cijas princips:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kars\u0113\u0161ana var izjaukt \u016bde\u0146ra\u017ea saites olbaltumviel\u0101s un nukle\u012bnsk\u0101b\u0113s, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 izraisa nukle\u012bnsk\u0101bju izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anu, olbaltumvielu denatur\u0101ciju vai koagul\u0101ciju. Fermenti zaud\u0113 savu aktivit\u0101ti un mikroorganismi iet boj\u0101. Saus\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cija ietver steriliz\u0101ciju ar liesmu, saus\u0101 karstuma gaisa steriliz\u0101ciju un \u0101trgaitas karst\u0101 gaisa steriliz\u0101cijas metodi. Saus\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cijas iek\u0101rtas: kr\u0101sns, saus\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cijas skapis, tune\u013ca uguns steriliz\u0101cijas sist\u0113ma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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20.Mitr\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cijas princips:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Steriliz\u0101cija ar mitru siltumu ir bakt\u0113riju izn\u012bcin\u0101\u0161anas metode, izmantojot pies\u0101tin\u0101tus \u016bdens tvaikus vai verdo\u0161u \u016bdeni. Pateicoties lielam tvaika latentajam siltumam un t\u0101 sp\u0113c\u012bgajai iek\u013c\u016b\u0161anai, tas viegli denatur\u0113 vai koagul\u0113 olbaltumvielas, t\u0101p\u0113c steriliz\u0101cijas efektivit\u0101te ir augst\u0101ka nek\u0101 steriliz\u0101cijai ar sauso siltumu. Tr\u016bkums ir tas, ka t\u0101 nav piem\u0113rota z\u0101l\u0113m, kas ir jut\u012bgas pret mitru siltumu. Mitr\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cija ietver steriliz\u0101ciju zem spiediena, steriliz\u0101ciju ar pl\u016bsto\u0161u tvaiku, steriliz\u0101ciju ar v\u0101r\u012b\u0161anu un zemas temperat\u016bras periodisku steriliz\u0101ciju. Mitr\u0101 karstuma steriliz\u0101cijas iek\u0101rtas: karstuma spiediena sterilizators, karstuma spiediena steriliz\u0101cijas skapis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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21.Ampu\u013cu pild\u012b\u0161anas un aizz\u012bmogo\u0161anas process parasti ietver:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ampu\u013cu sak\u0101rto\u0161ana, uzpild\u012b\u0161ana, piep\u016b\u0161ana, aizz\u012bmogo\u0161ana un citi procesi. Pild\u012b\u0161anas da\u013cu galvenok\u0101rt veido v\u0101rpstas svira, ies\u016bkn\u0113\u0161anas un uzpild\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bce un pudeles aizpild\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bce.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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22.Ampul\u0101m, kas ra\u017eotas ar steriliz\u0101cijas metodi:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ampul\u0101m, kas ra\u017eotas ar steriliz\u0101cijas metodi, steriliz\u0101ciju, dezinfekciju un nopl\u016bdes med\u012bbas bie\u017ei vien veic uzreiz p\u0113c uzpild\u012b\u0161anas un aizz\u012bmogo\u0161anas procesa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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23.M\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas regul\u0113\u0161anas re\u017e\u012bms:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mas\u0101\u017eas kr\u016bz\u012btes doz\u0113\u0161ana un doz\u0113\u0161anas s\u016bk\u0146a doz\u0113\u0161ana;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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24.Table\u0161u un kapsulu iepakojuma veidi:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Lentes iepakojums, galvenok\u0101rt sloksnes formas iepakojums ar termisko bl\u012bv\u0113jumu;
(2) Blistera iepakojums;
(3) beramkravu iepakojums, piem\u0113ram, pude\u013cu iepakojums vai maisi\u0146u iepakojums;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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25.Farmaceitisk\u0101 iepakojuma klasifik\u0101cija:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Vien\u012bbas devas iepakojums;
(2) Interjera pakete;
(3) \u0100r\u0113jais iepakojums;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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26. Farmaceitisk\u0101s in\u017eenierijas projekt\u0113\u0161anu parasti var iedal\u012bt tr\u012bs galvenajos posmos:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pirmsprojekt\u0113\u0161anas darbi (tostarp termina projekta priek\u0161likums, vietas atlases zi\u0146ojums, priek\u0161izp\u0113tes zi\u0146ojums un priek\u0161izp\u0113tes zi\u0146ojums), provizoriskais projekts un b\u016bvniec\u012bbas ras\u0113jumu projekts. B\u016bvniec\u012bbas ras\u0113jumu projekt\u0113\u0161ana ir viena no gr\u016bt\u0101kaj\u0101m projekt\u0113\u0161anas noda\u013cas darba nozar\u0113m;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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27.Augu vietas izv\u0113le:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Att\u0101lumam starp farmaceitisk\u0101s r\u016bpniec\u012bbas t\u012br\u0101 ceha svaiga gaisa izpl\u016bdes atveri un pa\u0161vald\u012bbas satiksmes ce\u013ca sarkano l\u012bniju pie b\u0101zes s\u0101nu ce\u013ca j\u0101b\u016bt liel\u0101kam par 50 m. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar LRP farmaceitisko produktu ra\u017eot\u0101jiem ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina t\u012bra ra\u017eo\u0161anas vide. Kopum\u0101 farm\u0101cijas r\u016bpn\u012bcu vislab\u0101k izv\u0113l\u0113ties teritorij\u0101 ar labiem atmosf\u0113ras apst\u0101k\u013ciem, ar maz\u0101ku gaisa pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu, bez \u016bdens un augsnes pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma, un censties izvair\u012bties no teritorij\u0101m ar lielu pies\u0101r\u0146ojumu, piem\u0113ram, dz\u012bv\u0101m pils\u0113tu teritorij\u0101m, \u0137\u012bmisk\u0101s r\u016bpniec\u012bbas teritorij\u0101m, eolu smil\u0161u teritorij\u0101m, dzelzce\u013ciem un lielce\u013ciem. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 gaisa, vietas un \u016bdens kvalit\u0101te vid\u0113, kur\u0101 atrodas z\u0101\u013cu ra\u017eot\u0101js, var atbilst ra\u017eo\u0161anas pras\u012bb\u0101m;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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28.Procesa projekt\u0113\u0161anas principi:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu produktu kvalit\u0101ti, cik vien iesp\u0113jams, tiek izmantotas modernas iek\u0101rtas, progres\u012bvas ra\u017eo\u0161anas metodes un nobriedu\u0161i zin\u0101tnes un tehnolo\u0123ijas sasniegumi.
(2) \u201dizmantot viet\u0113jos materi\u0101lus\u201d, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 izmantotu viet\u0113j\u0101s izejvielas, lai sasniegtu lab\u0101kos ekonomiskos rezult\u0101tus;
(3) Izmantot\u0101s iek\u0101rtas ir \u013coti efekt\u012bvas, samazinot izejvielu, \u016bdens un elektroener\u0123ijas pat\u0113ri\u0146u, k\u0101 ar\u012b produkta izmaksas;
(4) Saska\u0146\u0101 ar LRP pras\u012bb\u0101m katrai farmaceitiskajai z\u0101\u013cu formai ir j\u0101b\u016bt savam procesa dizainam. Piem\u0113ram, iek\u0161\u0137\u012bgi cietie prepar\u0101ti un svec\u012btes ir izstr\u0101d\u0101tas saska\u0146\u0101 ar parasto ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu; \u0101r\u0113jie losjoni, iek\u0161\u0137\u012bgi \u0161\u0137\u012bdumi un injekciju \u0161\u0137\u012bdumi (lielas inf\u016bzijas, mazas injekcijas) ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ti saska\u0146\u0101 ar steriliz\u0101cijas procesu; sterils pulveris injekcij\u0101m ir j\u0101izstr\u0101d\u0101 ar aseptisku ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesu;
(5) \u03b2-lakt\u0101ma z\u0101les (tostarp penicil\u012bnus un cefalospor\u012bnus) izstr\u0101d\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar atsevi\u0161\u0137u celtniec\u012bbas r\u016bpn\u012bcu procesa pl\u016bsmu. Tradicion\u0101l\u0101s \u0137\u012bnie\u0161u tradicion\u0101l\u0101s medic\u012bnas prepar\u0101ti un bio\u0137\u012bmiskie farmaceitiskie prepar\u0101ti ietver \u0137\u012bnie\u0161u augu izcelsmes z\u0101\u013cu pirmapstr\u0101di, ekstrakciju un koncentr\u0113\u0161anu (iztvaic\u0113\u0161anu), k\u0101 ar\u012b dz\u012bvnieku org\u0101nu, audu mazg\u0101\u0161anu vai apstr\u0101di un citas ra\u017eo\u0161anas darb\u012bbas, saska\u0146\u0101 ar pirmapstr\u0101des procesa projektu tie j\u0101iek\u0101rto atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101 pirmapstr\u0101des ceh\u0101, un tos nedr\u012bkst jaukt ar to prepar\u0101tu ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesa projektu;
(6) Citi, piem\u0113ram, kontracepcijas l\u012bdzek\u013ci, hormoni, pretv\u0113\u017ea z\u0101les, ra\u017eo\u0161anas krupju sugas, neprodukt\u012bv\u0101s krupju sugas, ra\u017eo\u0161anas un neprodukt\u012bv\u0101s \u0161\u016bnas, sp\u0113c\u012bgas un v\u0101jas, miru\u0161as un dz\u012bvas indes, dz\u012bvas vakc\u012bnas pirms un p\u0113c detoksik\u0101cijas un inaktiv\u0113tas vakc\u012bnas, cilv\u0113ka asins pagatavojumi, profilaktisko produktu z\u0101\u013cu formas un prepar\u0101ti, visi j\u0101projekt\u0113 un j\u0101ra\u017eo saska\u0146\u0101 ar to \u012bpa\u0161aj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m procesa projekt\u0113\u0161anai;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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29.Darbn\u012bcas izk\u0101rtojuma dizaina saturs s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 projekt\u0113\u0161anas posm\u0101:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u201cLabu ra\u017eo\u0161anas praksi un z\u0101\u013cu kvalit\u0101tes kontroli (GMP un z\u0101\u013cu kvalit\u0101tes kontrole)\u201d, noteikt katra procesa t\u012br\u012bbas l\u012bmeni darbn\u012bc\u0101; ;
(2) Ra\u017eo\u0161anas process, ra\u017eo\u0161anas pal\u012bgiek\u0101rtas, dz\u012bvojam\u0101s administrat\u012bv\u0101s pal\u012bgiek\u0101rtas dz\u012bvok\u013ca, tr\u012bsdimensiju izk\u0101rtojums;
(3)Darbn\u012bcas vieta un \u0113kas, b\u016bvju atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta un izm\u0113ri;
(4) Plakans, tr\u012bsdimensiju apr\u012bkojuma izvietojums;
(5) eju sist\u0113ma, materi\u0101lu transport\u0113\u0161anas konstrukcija;
(6) Dz\u012bvok\u013ca un telpas pl\u0101nojums uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anai, ekspluat\u0101cijai un apkopei;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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30.Izk\u0101rtojuma projekta saturs b\u016bvprojekt\u0113\u0161anas posm\u0101:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Ieviest darbn\u012bcas izk\u0101rtojuma saturu s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 projekt\u0101;
(2) Noteikt iek\u0101rtas sprauslas un instrumentu saskarnes orient\u0101ciju un augstumu;
(3) Materi\u0101lu un iek\u0101rtu p\u0101rvieto\u0161ana, transport\u0113\u0161anas projekt\u0113\u0161ana;
(4) Nosakiet \u0113kas izm\u0113rus par iek\u0101rtas uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anu;
(5) Nosakiet apr\u012bkojuma uzst\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas scen\u0101riju;
(6) Sak\u0101rtojiet cauru\u013cu, instrumentu, elektrisko cauru\u013cvadu virzienu, nosakiet cauru\u013cu galerijas atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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31.Cauru\u013cvadu konstrukcijas saturs:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Izv\u0113lieties cauruli;
(2) Cauru\u013cvada apr\u0113\u0137ins;
(3) cauru\u013cvadu izk\u0101rtojuma projekt\u0113\u0161ana;
(4) cauru\u013cvadu izol\u0101cijas projekt\u0113\u0161ana;
(5) Cauru\u013cvada atbalsta projekt\u0113\u0161ana;
(6) Uzrakstiet dizaina specifik\u0101ciju;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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32.Atbilsto\u0161i pielietojumam t\u012br\u0101s telpas iedala:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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R\u016bpnieciski t\u012bras telpas un biolo\u0123iski t\u012bras telpas; farmaceitisk\u0101s ra\u017eo\u0161anas ceha vidi var iedal\u012bt: visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101 ra\u017eo\u0161anas zona, kontroles zona un t\u012bra zona;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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33.Atbilsto\u0161i att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas pak\u0101pei notek\u016bde\u0146us var iedal\u012bt prim\u0101raj\u0101, sekund\u0101raj\u0101 un terci\u0101raj\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161an\u0101:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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(1) Prim\u0101raj\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161an\u0101 parasti izmanto fizik\u0101las metodes vai vienk\u0101r\u0161as \u0137\u012bmiskas metodes, lai \u016bden\u012b atdal\u012btu peldo\u0161\u0101s vielas un pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161\u0101s vielas da\u013c\u0113jas suspensijas st\u0101vokl\u012b, k\u0101 ar\u012b lai regul\u0113tu notek\u016bde\u0146u PH. Ar prim\u0101ro att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu var samazin\u0101t notek\u016bde\u0146u pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma pak\u0101pi un turpm\u0101k\u0101s att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas slodzi. Prim\u0101ro att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu bie\u017ei izmanto k\u0101 notek\u016bde\u0146u priek\u0161att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu;
(2) Sekund\u0101r\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana galvenok\u0101rt attiecas uz biolo\u0123isko att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu. P\u0113c notek\u016bde\u0146u prim\u0101r\u0101s att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas un p\u0113c otr\u0101s pak\u0101pes att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas var no\u0146emt liel\u0101ko da\u013cu notek\u016bde\u0146os eso\u0161o pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161o vielu un notek\u016bde\u0146us var att\u012br\u012bt t\u0101l\u0101k. Sekund\u0101r\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana ir piem\u0113rota da\u017e\u0101du organiskos pies\u0101r\u0146ot\u0101jus saturo\u0161u notek\u016bde\u0146u att\u012br\u012b\u0161anai. P\u0113c sekund\u0101r\u0101s att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas \u016bdens kvalit\u0101te parasti atbilst noteiktajiem izpl\u016bdes standartiem;
(3) Terci\u0101r\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161ana ir att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas veids ar augst\u0101m t\u012br\u012bbas pras\u012bb\u0101m, kuras m\u0113r\u0137is ir no\u0146emt pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161\u0101s vielas, kuras nav iesp\u0113jams no\u0146emt sekund\u0101raj\u0101 att\u012br\u012b\u0161an\u0101, tostarp organisk\u0101s vielas, kuras mikroorganismi nesp\u0113j sadal\u012bt, \u0161\u0137\u012bsto\u0161\u0101s neorganisk\u0101s vielas (piem\u0113ram, sl\u0101pekli un fosforu u. c.), kas var izrais\u012bt \u016bdenstilpju eitrofik\u0101ciju, k\u0101 ar\u012b da\u017e\u0101dus v\u012brusus, patog\u0113nus u. c. P\u0113c terci\u0101r\u0101s att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas var izpild\u012bt virszemes \u016bde\u0146u un r\u016bpniecisko \u016bde\u0146u kvalit\u0101tes pras\u012bbas;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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34.Clean Ra\u017eo\u0161ana:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tas attiecas uz nep\u0101rtrauktu dizaina uzlabo\u0161anu, t\u012bras ener\u0123ijas un izejvielu, progres\u012bvu tehnolo\u0123iju un iek\u0101rtu izmanto\u0161anu. Tas attiecas ar\u012b uz p\u0101rvald\u012bbas uzlabo\u0161anu, visaptvero\u0161u izmanto\u0161anu un citiem pas\u0101kumiem, lai samazin\u0101tu pies\u0101r\u0146ojuma avotu, uzlabotu resursu izmanto\u0161anas efektivit\u0101ti un samazin\u0101tu vai nov\u0113rstu pies\u0101r\u0146ojo\u0161o vielu ra\u017eo\u0161anu, pakalpojumu un produktu izmanto\u0161anu ra\u017eo\u0161anas un emisijas proces\u0101, lai samazin\u0101tu vai nov\u0113rstu kait\u0113jumu cilv\u0113ku vesel\u012bbai un videi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1,103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all","category-industry-information"],"yoast_head":"\nBasic knowledge of pharmaceutical equipment and pharmaceutical plant design - Marya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"21.The process of ampoule filling and sealing generally includes: ampoule arranging in order, filling, inflation, sealing and other processes. 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